As far as I know, NO they are not standardized. The pin outs will vary from company to company. Nintendo's (KI2) will be different Capcom's (SFII, etc.). Although within a company many games will be interchangeable (Konami 4 player games for example). Sometimes there will be overlap. I believe the Captain America and the Avergers beat-em-up made by Data East uses the same pin outs for the extra player as Konami's 4 player games.
The best place to go for info is the original manual. You can check crazykong.com for pdf files of a lot of arcade manuals.