Not a one and done, but one that more or less quit after the 8 bit gen was Naoki Kodaka. He did some work in the 16bit gen but it was his 8bit creations that he'll probably always be remembered for. He was behind a lot of the fantastic music in Sunsoft during the NES/Famicom era including Blaster Master, Batman, Journey to Silius, Gremlins 2, Fester's Quest, etc. For the record, he actually didn't do the 8bit programming part. He'd compose the songs on his own (I'm guessing with a synthesize), and a team of audio engineers would translate it to 8bit. I'd love to get a hold of those originals if they still exist.
http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Naoki_Kodaka
side note: I don't know why that website gives him credit for Spy Hunter, that is the Peter Gunn theme by Henry Mancini, it even says so in the actual game credits because Sunsoft and Bally Midway had to pay for it.