You'd be better off getting some masking tape and placing some cross points to drill out the holes, using a measuring tape to get all the spacing right etc
As mentioned before, get one of those step cone drill bits, they're pretty awesome, I use mine all the time. If you practice on some materials you'll see how they work, you can practically make any size hole you want, you can just drill, check, drill, check until it's perfect. If you want to make sure you go no further than a certain point on the cone bit, just wrap some electric tape around to the point you want to go no further.
Those Astro panels usually have 30mm Sanwa or Seimitsu buttons for the players and 24mm Sanwa or Seimitsu buttons for credits and start buttons, but obviously those are the popular good buttons in my opinion.
As for the sizes, 30mm perfect hole will house the buttons and the same applies for the 24mm buttons. Either way they either snap lock on insertion, but you can also get the threaded ones with the plastic nut, both as good as each other.