Although probably not impossible (as in NOTHINGS impossible really...) The Neo Geo is one of the few gaming systems that uses +5v as 'common' for its input device. Nearly ALL the other systems will use ground as common so therefore you'd be unable to convert them...
...On the other hand, if you were to take a Neo Geo joystick and remove the PCB and joystick cable intact - you could probably transplant them into another stick (especially a roomy one like the Dreamcast arcade stick) all you need to do then is hook up the buttons to the PCB - connect GND/Common to common and NO (normally open) to the button connection. The fact that they are receiving +5v on the common won't matter because arcade sticks use microswitches which will work because they are *just* switches and nothing special! One point to make here is that if you are talking about an MVS system, the JAMMA (or MVS) connector is capable of being adapted to use 'normal' controllers, if this is the case check out: <a href="http://www.chads.arcade.btinternet.co.uk" target="_blank">http://www.chads.arcade.btinternet.co.uk</a>
Of course, question is if you already have a Neo Geo joystick to be able to hack for parts why would you sacrifice it to build yourself another one if that one works perfectly well anyway???
Pobster
PS. Sorry about the waffling on, I'm English so I'm entitled to waffle